Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas"Theapplicationofallscie...

問題詳情：

    Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea".

Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.

Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was unwilling to

go to sea to further his work.

    For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers

or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it,

let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable(電纜)from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形狀)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be made.

    It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for

information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages

during which soundings(測深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and

Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book ---The

Physical Geography of the Sea.

    The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the

early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in

living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the

deeper parts of the sea.

    Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition,

which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their

classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last

volume being published in 1895.

32.  The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly________.

    A.  for oceanographic studies   B military purposes

    C business considerations   D.   for investigating the depths of the oceans

aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was_________.

    A.  to make some sound experiments in the oceans

    B collect samples of sea plants and animals

    C estimate the length of cable that was to be made

    D measure the depths of the two oceans

34.   The underlined word "defied" in the 4Th paragraph probably means_

    A.  doubted   B lenged   C proof to   D ed to

35 theme of this passage is about__

    A beginnings of oceanography    laying of the first undersea cable

    C investigation of ocean depths   D early intercontinental communications

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 CDBA

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